goto statement
Transfers control unconditionally.
Used when it is otherwise impossible to transfer control to the desired location using other statements.
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[edit] Syntax
attr(optional) goto label ;
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[edit] Explanation
The goto statement transfers control to the location specified by label. The goto statement must be in the same function as the label it is referring, it may appear before or after the label.
If transfer of control exits the scope of any automatic variables (e.g. by jumping backwards to a point before the declarations of such variables or by jumping forward out of a compound statement where the variables are scoped), the destructors are called for all variables whose scope was exited, in the order opposite to the order of their construction.
If transfer of control enters the scope of any automatic variables (e.g. by jumping forward over a declaration statement), the program is ill-formed (cannot be compiled), unless all variables whose scope is entered have
(Note: the same rules apply to all forms of transfer of control)
[edit] Keywords
[edit] Example
#include <iostream> struct Object { // non-trivial destructor ~Object() { std::cout << "d"; } }; struct Trivial { double d1; double d2; }; // trivial ctor and dtor int main() { int a = 10; // loop using goto label: Object obj; std::cout << a << " "; a = a - 2; if (a != 0) { goto label; // jumps out of scope of obj, calls obj destructor } std::cout << '\n'; // goto can be used to leave a multi-level loop easily for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 3; y++) { std::cout << "(" << x << ";" << y << ") " << '\n'; if (x + y >= 3) { goto endloop; } } } endloop: std::cout << '\n'; goto label2; // jumps into the scope of n and t int n; // no initializer Trivial t; // trivial ctor/dtor, no initializer // int x = 1; // error: has initializer // Object obj2; // error: non-trivial dtor label2: { Object obj3; goto label3; // jumps forward, out of scope of obj3 } label3: ; }
Output:
10 d8 d6 d4 d2 (0;0) (0;1) (0;2) (1;0) (1;1) (1;2) dd